Important note before you read on
This guide is for general information only and is not legal advice. Polish tenancy law can be complex, and individual situations vary. If you have a specific legal question or dispute, consult a qualified lawyer or contact a local tenant advice centre (in Polish: Punkt Porad Prawnych).
What should a rental contract include?
A written rental contract is your most important document. It should clearly state the names and addresses of both parties, the exact address of the property, the rent amount and due date, the deposit amount, the notice period for ending the tenancy, and who is responsible for which utilities.
Read the contract in full before signing. If it is only in Polish and you are not comfortable with the language, ask for a translation or bring someone who can help. A reputable rental company will give you time to read and ask questions.
How does the deposit work?
A security deposit (kaucja) is standard in Poland. It is typically one to three months' rent and is paid at the start of the tenancy. The deposit is held against damage beyond normal wear and tear or unpaid rent.
At the end of your tenancy, the landlord should return the deposit within a reasonable period (usually agreed in the contract). If deductions are made, the landlord should provide a written breakdown. If you disagree with deductions, you can seek advice from a tenant centre or a lawyer.
What is a handover protocol and why does it matter?
A handover protocol (protokół zdawczo-odbiorczy) is a document you and the landlord sign on move-in and move-out day. It records the condition of the flat, the meter readings for electricity, gas and water, and any existing damage (scratches, stains, broken items).
Always insist on a handover protocol. Take photos on the day you move in and keep a copy of the signed document. This protects you from being charged for damage that existed before your arrival.
What are the rules for ending a tenancy?
Notice periods are usually set out in your contract. A common arrangement is one month's notice given before the end of the calendar month, but this can vary. Read your contract carefully so you know how and when to give notice.
In general, both you and the landlord have the right to end the tenancy according to the terms agreed. There are also legal provisions protecting tenants from arbitrary eviction, but the specifics depend on your contract type and circumstances. If you face unexpected pressure to leave, seek advice before acting.
What are the landlord's and tenant's main obligations?
As a tenant, you are generally expected to pay rent on time, keep the property in good condition, report faults promptly, and follow the rules in the contract (for example, regarding guests or pets).
The landlord is generally responsible for ensuring the property is habitable, carrying out major repairs (such as heating or plumbing failures), and not entering the property without reasonable notice except in emergencies. If something breaks through no fault of yours, report it in writing (email is fine) and keep a record of the communication.